The Pope soon emerged from the Vatican to take back up the administration of his God-ordained domain, but the debilitated state had no armed forces loyal to it, and it had scarce chances at resisting any Syndicalist offensive. The blurry battle lines of the civil war mostly spared Rome due to the protection of the southern royalist forces, which, together with local right-wing militias, crushed uprisings in Rome. In 1919, the captivity ended in the collapse of Italy following the peace treaty between Italy and the Central Powers.įollowing the collapse of Italy after the Weltkrieg, Rome became in danger of capture by the republican rebels against the old Kingdom. The Papacy in protest refused any accommodation with the new Kingdom of Italy, not even leaving the Vatican so as to avoid any appearance of accepting the authority of the Italian government, excommunicated the King of Italy and demanded that any Italian Catholics refrain from voting in elections.
This would last until 1870 when the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War forced the French garrison to withdraw, allowing the Kingdom of Italy to conquer the rump Papal State, ending the Pope's temporal power over central Italy after over a millennium. After the fall of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the Piedmontese government requested the French to allow them to seize the Papal States, which was granted on the condition that Latium remained untouched. Following the Napoleonic Wars and its restoration at the Congress of Vienna, the Papal States became unstable and faced liberal revolts, most notably the Roman Republic of 1848 which was only suppressed in 1850 by the French Army, leaving the Papal States, who were also staunchly opposed to Italian unification, dependent on French support that would ultimately doom them.
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